The US Treasury and Energy departments have disclosed USD 550m more in economic stimulus grants for renewables projects with developers Iberdrola, Eurus, and Eon all receiving significant funding.

Iberdrola received USD 251m to support three projects it has developed -- the 160MW Barton wind in Iowa, the 146MW Farmers’ City wind in Missouri, and the 120MW Barton Chapel wind in Texas. The funds come on top of the nearly USD 300m received by the Spanish power giant earlier from Treasury and DOE.

Other large grants went to the North American subsidiary of German power giant Eon, which received USD 122m for its 249MW Roscoe wind project and the North American subsidiary of Tokyo-based Eurus Energy Holdings, which received USD 91.4m for its 180MW Bull Creek wind project.

DOE and Treasury are awarding the grants on a rolling basis, but have disclosed them via two public announcements to date. 　The first group of projects revealed by the agencies earlier this month received just over USD 500m, meaning the federal government has now disbursed well over USD 1bn in grants to renewables projects since the grant rules were finalized in July.

The latest list of grant recipients included　significant geothermal, landfill gas and biomass projects. Italian power producer Enel received USD 61.5m for its 33MW Salt Wells and 40MW Stillwater geothermal projects in Nevada. Tennessee-based Ameresco received USD 11.7m for a small landfill gas-to-energy project in Missouri and two others in California. Texas-based Rio Grande Valley Sugar Growers received USD 10.2m for its 16MW biomass project, which uses sugar cane bagasse. The remaining USD 2.7m went to 14 small renewable energy projects in 10 states.
                                            
Energy Secretary Steven Chu and Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner announced the second round of funding after an economic stimulus review meeting at the White House. Geithner said, "Not only are our recovery dollars meeting an immediate funding need among innovative companies, they are also jumpstarting private sector investment in communities across the country – with benefits for the renewable energy industry and our economy alike."

Chu said the grants programme has allowed large developers like Iberdrola, Enel and Eon to reinvest in new projects sooner than they would have otherwise and called the grants, "crucial to ensuring America can compete and win in the race for the clean energy jobs of the future."

While Chu and Geithner were at the White House announcing grant winners, President Barack Obama was at the United　Nations in New York touting his administration's commitment to fighting climate change. Among other things, Obama highlighted the renewable energy spending contained in the economic stimulus package, the Environmental Protection Agency’s recently proposed automobile fuel economy standards, and the energy and climate bill passed by the House of Representatives’ last spring as evidence of the US focus on climate change.

"But," Obama added, "though many of our nations have taken bold action and share in this determination, we did not come here to celebrate progress today. We came here because there’s much progress to be made." He said developed nations like the US should lead the effort to reduce emissions but that developing nations must do their part too, and grouped China in with the US as nations that should provide financial and technical assistance to smaller developing countries.

Obama did not provide any new details on his administration’s renewable energy and energy efficiency plans but said that he looks forward to working with Congress as it advances climate legislation this fall, though he acknowledged that the task will continue to be difficult. "As we head towards Copenhagen," Obama said, "there should be no illusions that the hardest part of our journey is in front of us. We seek sweeping but necessary change in the midst of a global recession, where every nation's most immediate priority is reviving their economy and putting their people back to work."

The relevant committees in the US Senate are slated to continue work on the cap-and-trade portion of the energy and climate later this month but leading Democrats in the chamber have sought to dampen expectations that a final bill will clear the full chamber by the end of 2009.

NEF "FIRST TAKE":

The grant programme appears to be hitting its stride with DOE and Treasury rapidly turning around applications and pushing money out the door. With this announcement officials appeared to take extra care to avoid taking credit for literally spurring the development of the projects that received funding. For good reason -- at least two of the receiving projects were on line before the economic stimulus bill was even signed into law. That said, there is evidence in the marketplace that the grants are being to put to good use in funding new development and new projects. With this announcement, the administration could again come under some fire from critics on the right for doling out too much to overseas-owned firms. Approximately 70% of the first USD 502m in grants went to Iberdrola and several other foreign companies. This time, Iberdrola again picked up major funding along with Eon, Eurus, and Enel. For their part, renewables advocates can justifiably point out that the jobs created by these projects are mostly local, regardless of ownership. One way or the other, the phenomenon of providing US public funding to overseas-owned projects will not end anytime soon. It will continue to raise hackles among industry critics and could eventually prove politically problematic for the clean energy sector.

        

        

Source http://www.indepthnews.net/news/news.php?key1=2009-08-30%2020:31:59&key2=1

Some experts in Africa want about 200 billion U.S. dollars a year in compensation for the effects of climate change.   BY JAYA RAMACHANDRAN IDN-InDepth News Service BERLIN (IDN) - India, China and 53 African countries – together home to more than half of the world's population -- have opened what may turn out to be a new chapter in the history of international climate diplomacy as the clock ticks down to Copenhagen. While India and China comprising about 37 percent of the global population have decided to join forces to push for an agreement at the landmark UN conference on global warming coming December, Africa will be represented in Copenhagen by one cohesive delegation spearheaded by the Conference of African Heads of State and Government on Climate Change (CAHOSCC). The African delegation, representing some 970 million people, will consist of the chairperson of the African Union (AU), senior government ministers of Ethiopia, Algeria, Republic of Congo, Kenya, Mauritius, Mozambique, Nigeria and Uganda. The delegation will also include the chairperson of the African Ministerial Conference on Environment, the chairperson of the AU Commission, and technical negotiators on climate change from member states. The Conference of African Heads of State and Government on Climate Change agreed Aug. 24 in Addis Ababa that the African Union demand US$67 billion per year from the global community in compensation for the effects of climate change. The annual sum would be spent on establishing science-guided projects to help with adaptation and mitigation, reports SciDev.Net. The not-for-profit London-based Science and Development Network said after being endorsed by the African heads of state at their two-day meeting Aug. 30-31 in Tripoli, Libya, the demand would be tabled at the UN conference in Copenhagen Dec. 7-18. As SciDev.Net reported, the figure of US$67 billion a year has been debated for some time, including at African Union (AU) summits in February and July of this year, gaining prominence at the Nairobi, Kenya, meeting of African ministers of environment earlier this year. The payments would need to be achieved by 2020, the Addis Ababa conference agreed. CENTRES OF EXCELLENCE At the meeting in the Ethiopian capital, some delegates called for the sum to be nearer US$200 billion a year, representing Africa's share of the four per cent of global GDP (Gross Domestic Product) which, it is argued, should be spent on adaptation and mitigation worldwide. Delegates said they would like to see the money go towards establishing centres of excellence on climate change. The AU will push for compensation through technology transfer and capacity-building, rather than cash. The AU wants individual countries to use the money to carry out national plans of action, which mostly consist of finding ways to use efficient technologies in the energy, agriculture and water management sectors, as well as obtaining intellectual property rights for these technologies The South African representative at the meeting, Judy Beaumont, said that the amount required for adaptation programmes globally is more than US$400 billion and that at least half of this should go to projects in Africa, Kimani Chege of SciDev.Net wrote in an article published Aug. 27 in allafrica.com Beaumont added that Africa needs low-carbon technologies, energy-efficiency projects and renewable-energy technologies, which have previously remained elusive because of a lack of affordable financing and difficulty in obtaining intellectual property rights. "This is not about begging for cash but the urge for a common but differentiated responsibility," Beaumont pointed out. "Most developed countries took a dirty route to development, and Africa cannot take the same route." "WE WANT AN AGREEMENT" In an interview Aug. 25 in Beijing, where he met with Xie Zhenhua, China's top climate change negotiator, India's Environment Minister Jairam Ramesh said India and China should not be viewed as a "negative or obstructionist force". He said: "Both of us were of the view that we should be part of the solution. We want an agreement in Copenhagen." Ramesh rejected calls for binding carbon emission-reduction targets to be placed on developing countries such as India, and reiterated the country's stance that developed countries should reduce carbon emissions by 40 percent from 1990 levels by 2020. U.S. climate-change legislation passed by the House sets the goal of a 17 percent reduction from 2005 levels by 2020. Should developed countries agree to India's stance, which Chinese Foreign Ministry climate-change official Yu Qingtai earlier this month called "quite fair," India and China would have to “respond very positively," Ramesh said in an interview with Bloomberg News. India and China are looking for developed countries to share more carbon-reducing technologies with poorer nations and help finance projects, Ramesh said. Both countries say their economic development would be unfairly hurt if they were forced to accept binding greenhouse-gas emission reduction targets. A DEVELOPMENT ISSUE “For us, climate change is not just an environmental issue, for us, climate change is a development issue," Ramesh said. On August 24, Xie, a vice minister of China’s National Development and Reform Commission, said “the focus of disagreement remains on each country’s proportion of responsibility for emissions reductions, funding and technology transfer," the official China Xinhua News Agency reported. Emerging economies, including India, have said they need access to funds and technologies such as wind turbines to meet emission curbs and sustain growth. India requires $5 billion a year between 2012 and 2017, in addition to its current investment plans, to support a transition to low-carbon energy generation, the United Nations Development Program said in its Human Development Report 2007/2008, citing research by the Energy and Resources Institute. Ramesh said he and Xie discussed the idea of when their two countries’ carbon emissions would peak. Mid-August, China released a report from government-run think tanks estimating that the country’s emissions would peak by 2030. The report also recognized that China had surpassed the U.S. to become the world’s biggest producer of greenhouse gases. The government in Beijing says it is increasing energy efficiency and promoting the use of renewable power to cut the amount of energy it consumes per unit of gross domestic product 20 percent by 2010 from 2005 levels. India says it has one of the lowest carbon emissions per capita in the world and is responsible for 4 percent of output while the U.S. is responsible for 20 percent. The South Asian country is the fourth-largest emitter of carbon dioxide from burning fossil fuels, trailing China, the U.S. and Russia. Developed countries must bear “historic responsibility" for industrial emissions of greenhouse gases they have produced, Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh said on July 7. “It is the developing countries that are the worst affected by climate change." CHINA GETS READY Meanwhile China is considering putting climate legislation on its legislative agenda, according to a draft resolution on climate change, which has been submitted to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPC), reports China Daily. "China will draw up new laws and regulations to provide a legal basis for combating climate change," said Wang Guangtao, director of the NPC's environment and resource protection committee. The resolution shows good coordination between the government and legislative body in advance of the Copenhagen meeting, said Yang Fuqiang, director of global climate change solutions at environmental group WWF. "Once the government signs the new treaty, the NPC will ratify it," he said. The United States is the only developed country that has not ratified the climate pact. "The former U.S. president signed the Kyoto Protocol back in 1997, but when the official delegation came back with the treaty, the Senate refused to ratify it," Yang said. Also, once the proposed climate change laws are worked out, China will have "legally binding actions" to fight the illegal emissions, said Zhang Jianyu, China program head of the U.S.-based Environmental Defense Fund. "China already has a bunch of laws and regulations related to climate change and environmental protection, but the climate legislation will give the forces fighting global warming more legal power," Zhang said. Existing laws and regulations related to climate change and environment protection should be revised to better combat global warming, according to the draft resolution, he said. (IDN-InDepthNews/30.08.09)

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The U.S. Navy is getting ready to run flight tests using an assortment of biofuels. The tests will be run using an F/A-18 Super Hornet. The tests are scheduled to begin taking place at Patuxent River, Md. by spring or summer 2010. The idea is to create a drop-in system so that those in the field won't know the difference.

The biofuels being tested are camelina, jatropha and algae. Navy.mil reports on the process expected to be used:

August 21st, 2009 by Miranda Marquit

For the upcoming static and flight tests, the biofuels will be mixed in a 50-50 blend with conventional petroleum-derived jet fuel to provide the necessary specification properties. Biofuels are not as dense as conventional jet fuel, have less lubricating ability and contain no aromatic compounds, a group of chemical compounds able to penetrate the rubberlike materials that make up gaskets and seals.

The Navy hopes to test properties and chemistry, seeing how the fuels react in the environments associated with high-speed military plans. The tests should be able to determine whether or not it is feasible to use biofuels as part of the fuel source for jet planes. The hope is that the most promising candidates will be available by 2013.PhysOrg.com

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For most of this year, mergers and acquisitions have been the dog that did not bark in the clean energy sector. There have been plenty of reasons to expect activity – much lower valuations than in 2007-08, an array of cash-strapped technology firms and developers, and low interest rates for big companies sitting on piles of cash.

However the figures for M&A have been relatively feeble this year. Corporate mergers and acquisitions in the sector totalled USD 2.1bn in the second quarter of 2009, after USD 2.7bn in the first – this compared to USD 21.7bn in the whole of last year.

One reason has been caution. There might have been some cheap takeover targets out there in recent months, but the potential acquirers have been in a risk-averse mood themselves with the financial crisis swirling around them.

Recent days however have brought a few glimmerings of M&A activity, signs perhaps that the rest of this year will see more transactions.

In Brazil, oil colossus Petrobras confirmed that it is in talks with Brenco, one of the top ethanol producers. The former would only say – coyly – that discussions revolve around "identifying possible synergies in the production of biofuels".

The local press has speculated about a full takeover, but a likelier eventuality would seem to be Petrobras taking a stake in Brenco, which was formed in 2007 to invest the Real equivalent of USD 2.4bn in sugar cane processing and ethanol production.

In the emerging but potentially huge market of US carbon, August saw C-Quest Capital, an ambitious investment house founded by industry big name Ken Newcombe, take a significant minority stake in SunOne, a carbon credit aggregator for the US agriculture sector.

More intriguing still, British private equity operator Guy Hands emerged as the buyer, via his firm Terra Firma, of 90% of US project developer Everpower Wind.

The value of the transaction was not disclosed, but Everpower has a 62MW project built and 800MW of "near-term" development assets – so the price is likely to have been several hundred million dollars.

Hands and Terra Firma are best known in the UK for their ownership of EMI, the record label, but have in fact already demonstrated their interest in the clean energy sector via their stewardship of Infinis, the country’s largest renewable-only generator. Infinis has 1GW of installed landfill gas capacity, as well as development assets in wind.

The earlier part of the third quarter of 2009 had already seen plenty of interesting M&A deals. In wind, Daewoo Shipbuilding of Korea bought US turbine maker Dewind for USD 50m and Germanischer Lloyd snapped up wind services firm Garrad Hassan for an estimated USD 100m. There was also Bosch’s purchase of a 40% stake in Germany’s Aleo Solar for USD 66m.

However there has been a lack of big deals, in the hundreds of millions – or billions – of dollars. The only giant transaction foreshadowed for the second half of the year is the possible sale by Italian utility Enel of a minority stake in its Green Power subsidiary for a mooted EUR 3.5bn.

That may take the form of an initial public offering of Enel Green Power shares. But more likely, given the lack of an IPO market this year, Enel could sell the stake directly to institutions – or to a trade buyer.

Source: New Energy Finance [news@newenergyfinance.com]
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                                                The biofuels market will reach $247 billion in sales by 2020 according to a report from clean technology consultancy firm Pike Research.
.    "The economics of ethanol and biodiesel are not yet competitive with petro fuels, and although governments have pulled back some of their support,　in the 10 to 15 year timeframe, the outlook remains very positive," says Clint Wheelock, managing director of Pike Research.　

The report predicts the combined biodiesel and ethanol markets will more than triple in sales by 2020, up from just $76 billion in 2010 driven by three key waves of next generation biodiesel. Fuels based on waste greases will hit the market first in 2010,　Jatropha-based fuels will begin having a significant impact in 2014, and algae-based biodiesel is expected to be commercially available in 2012 and deepening in 2016.
                                                                  

The report examines the key technologies that will drive the biofuels industry to include second and third generation feedstocks and advanced biorefining techniques.　

This bullish sentiment is echoed throughout the biofuels market and will be driven by three key factors according to Dave Neubauer, vice president and general manager of US power producer Tenaska BioFuels. "Firstly the price of crude oil - if those prices aren't strong, then biofuels will have a tough time competing. Secondly, the legislative climate and the introduction of a renewables fuels standard in US will continue to push biofuels even if it isn't competitive with crude oil; and the third factor will be capital markets and providing enough funds to support the growth of the industry. If all these are favourable then we could see worldwide growth figures like $247 billion," he says.
                                                                                                        miRNSRDoEcqWM:http://www.globalgreenservices.com/images/green-investment-costa-rica.jpg" width=128 height=86>

http://www.energyrisk.com/public/showPage.html?page=867791 August 2009
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More than 500 green fuelling stations and 9,000 low-carbon vehicles to be rolled out as part of economic stimulus project

        

In a major effort to accelerate the scientific breakthroughs needed to build a new 21st-century energy economy, U.S. Energy Secretary Steven Chu announced the delivery of $377M in funding for 46 new multi-million-dollar Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRCs) located at universities, national laboratories, nonprofit organizations, and private firms across the nation.

DOE Awards $377M In Funding For 46 Energy Frontier Research Centers

Washington, DC | Posted on August 13th, 2009

"As global energy demand grows, there is an urgent need to reduce our dependence on imported oil and curtail greenhouse gas emissions," said Secretary Chu. "Meeting the challenge to reduce our dependence on imported oil and curtail greenhouse gas emissions will require significant scientific advances. These centers will mobilize the enormous talents and skills of our nation's scientific workforce in pursuit of the breakthroughs that are essential to expand the use of clean and renewable energy."

Of the $377M awarded to the EFRCs, $277M comes from funding made available through the Recovery Act with the remaining $100M made from DOE's FY2009 budget. The 46 EFRCs are being funded at $2-5M per year each for a planned initial five-year period and were selected from a pool of applications received in response to a solicitation issued by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science in 2008 and announced on April 27, 2009. Selection of the EFRCs was based on a rigorous merit review process utilizing outside panels composed of scientific experts. In total, the EFRC initiative represents a planned DOE commitment of $777M over five years.

EFRC researchers will take advantage of new capabilities in nanotechnology, high-intensity light sources, neutron scattering sources, supercomputing, and other advanced instrumentation, much of it developed with DOE Office of Science support over the past decade, in an effort to lay the scientific groundwork for fundamental advances in solar energy, biofuels, transportation, energy efficiency, electricity storage and transmission, clean coal and carbon capture and sequestration, and nuclear energy.

EFRCs funded by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act include:

* Arizona State University (Tempe, AZ) - $14M for five years to adapt the fundamental principles of natural photosynthesis to the man-made production of hydrogen or other fuels from sunlight.
* University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ) - $15M for five years to enhance the conversion of solar energy to electricity using hybrid inorganic-organic materials.
* University of California, Santa Barbara (Santa Barbara, CA) - $19M for five years to discover and develop materials that control the interactions between light, electricity, and heat at the nanoscale for improved solar energy conversion, solid-state lighting, and conversion of heat into electricity.
* Columbia University (New York, NY) - $16M for five years to develop the enabling science needed to realize breakthroughs in the efficient conversion of sunlight into electricity in nanometer sized thin films.
* Cornell University (Ithaca, NY) - $17.5M for five years to understand and control the nature, structure, and dynamics of reactions at electrodes in fuel cells, batteries, solar photovolataics, and catalysts.
* University of Delaware (Newark, DE) - $17.5M for five years to design and characterize novel catalysts for the efficient conversion of the complex molecules comprising biomass into chemicals and fuels.
* Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Cambridge, MA) - $19M for five years to understand the transport of charge carriers in synthetic disordered systems, which hold promise as new materials for conversion of solar energy to electricity and electrical energy storage.
* University of Massachusetts (Amherst, MA) - $16M for five years to use novel, self-assembled polymer materials in systems for the conversion of sunlight into electricity.
* University of Michigan (Ann Arbor, MI) - $19.5M for five years to study complex material structures on the nanoscale to identify key features for their potential use as materials to convert solar energy and heat to electricity.
* University of North Carolina (Chapel Hill, NC) - $17.5M for five years to synthesize new molecular catalysts and light absorbers and integrate them into nanoscale architectures for improved generation of fuels and electricity from sunlight.
* Northwestern University (Evanston, IL) - $19M for five years to synthesize, characterize, and understand new classes of materials under conditions far from equilibrium relevant to solar energy conversion, storage of electricity and hydrogen, and catalysis.
* University of Notre Dame (Notre Dame, IN) - $18.5M for five years to understand and control, at the nanoscale, materials that contain actinides (radioactive heavy elements such as uranium and plutonium) to lay the scientific foundation for advanced nuclear energy systems.
* Pennsylvania State University (University Park, PA) - $21M for five years to dramatically increase our fundamental knowledge of the physical structure of bio-polymers in plant cell walls to provide a basis for improved methods for converting biomass into fuels.
* Purdue University (West Lafayette, IN) - $20M for five years to use fundamental knowledge about the interactions between catalysts and plant cell walls to design improved processes for the conversion of biomass to energy, fuels, or chemicals.
* University of Southern California (Los Angeles, CA) - $12.5M for five years to simultaneously explore the light absorbing and emitting properties of hybrid inorganic-organic materials for solar energy conversion and solid state lighting.
* University of Texas, Austin (Austin, TX) - $15M for five years to pursue fundamental research on charge transfer processes that underpin the function of highly promising molecular materials for photovoltaic and electrical energy storage applications.

####

About DOE
The Department of Energy's overarching mission is to advance the national, economic, and energy security of the United States; to promote scientific and technological innovation in support of that mission; and to ensure the environmental cleanup of the national nuclear weapons complex.

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Biofuel Africa, a Ghanaian corporation wholly owned by the Norway-based Solar Harvest, claims to have increased the acreage of land available for food production in Northern Ghana by 880%.

In 2008, 55 acres of the company’s land was planted with food crops grown by 25 local farmers. Tests showed that repeated growing of food crops had depleted this soil of much of its nutritional content.

Biofuel Africa transferred the depleted soil over to jatropha production, offering the farmers instead the chance to relocate to land leased by Biofuel Africa that had not been previously farmed.

BioFuel Africa then cleared and ploughed the land for the farmers, and the farmers themselves planted local staples such as cassava, yam, corn, rice, beans and peanuts. Within a year, this had been increased from 55 acres to 540, all of which was leased cleared and ploughed by Biofuel Africa.

‘We follow what we call our Food First Principle,’ said Steinar Kolnes, CEO and director of BioFuel Africa. ‘That means that food production is always given first priority. When we cultivate crops for jatropha, we simultaneously invest in food production to assure that local farmers and local communities are positively affected by our presence in the area.’

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KINGSTON (JIS):
Thursday, June 04, 2009
 The Petroleum Corporation of Jamaica (PCJ) is exploring the possibility of utilising the seeds of the jatropha plant to produce bio-diesel for the local automotive industry.

Group Managing Director of the PCJ, Dr. Ruth Potopsingh, speaking at a recent Jamaica Institute of Environmental Professionals (JIEP)-organised public lecture and panel discussion at the Jamaica Pegasus Hotel in Kingston, said that the Corporation has conducted some research on the jatropha and the findings to date reveal that it is "one of the most productive oil seeds for bio-diesel."

She noted that the entity had looked into the prospects of using castor beans, and experimented with same, pointing out that "we have had very good yields."

"But we have been advised by the Brazilians, who we got the seeds from, that castor oil is not a very good source for bio-diesel, unless it is mixed in with other oils because of its density and cetane levels for meeting bio-diesel or diesel specifications," Dr. Potopsingh outlined. Cetane is a colourless liquid used as a solvent in determining the ignition quality of diesel fuels.

She said that "jatropha, on the other hand, is a better oil that is more compatible for blending in regular petroleum diesel, because we are looking, first, for a B2, a mixture of two per cent bio-fuels, rather than trying to go beyond that. A two per cent mix is acceptable for use in most diesel vehicles. So Jatropha is one of the most recommended oil seeds for bio-diesel production," the PCJ head stated.

She informed that the PCJ has cultivated jatropha seedlings at one of its properties in Font Hill, St. Elizabeth, "which we will be growing under scientific conditions to see how productive they are."

"We are growing the jatropha on marginal soils because there is the whole issue of food security versus energy security, and we have been very mindful not to be targeting soils that can be used for productive agricultural use," Dr. Potopsingh pointed out.
The jatropha plant is native to Central America, where it is grown on plantations, largely in Nicaragua and Costa Rica. Over time, it became naturalised in many tropical and sub-tropical countries, including India, Africa, North America, and the Caribbean. Major jatropha projects are being developed in Haiti, with seedlings being cultivated and grown between that country and the Dominican Republic.

 When jatropha seeds are crushed, the oil derived can be processed to produce a high-quality bio-diesel, that can be used in a standard car. The resulting residue, commonly known as press cake, can also be processed and used as bio-mass feedstock to power electricity plants, or as a fertiliser in agriculture, as it contains nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium.

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